Wazzup Pilipinas!?
In a historic turn of events, former Philippine President Rodrigo Roa Duterte was arrested in Manila on March 11, 2025, following a warrant issued by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The arrest stems from allegations of crimes against humanity linked to Duterte's controversial anti-drug campaign, which reportedly resulted in thousands of deaths across the nation.
The ICC's Involvement
The ICC's Pre-Trial Chamber I issued a "SECRET" warrant of arrest for Duterte on March 7, 2025, under Article 58(1) of the Rome Statute. The warrant pertains to the "Situation in the Republic of the Philippines," focusing on alleged crimes against humanity, specifically murder, committed during Duterte's tenure as both Mayor of Davao City and President of the Philippines. The procedural history traces back to April 2021, when the situation in the Philippines was assigned to the Chamber, leading to investigations covering activities between November 2011 and March 2019 in the context of the "war on drugs" campaign.
Allegations and the Davao Death Squad
Central to the ICC's case are allegations concerning the establishment and operation of "death squads" in Davao City. Initially known as the "Lambada Boys" and later as the Davao Death Squad (DDS), these groups were allegedly formed under Duterte's mayoral administration starting in 1988. Their purported mission was to eliminate individuals suspected of criminal activities, leading to numerous extrajudicial killings. In October 2024, former Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) General Manager Royina Garma confirmed the existence of the DDS, stating that its covert operations were "common knowledge" among Davao City police officers.
The War on Drugs
Duterte's presidency, beginning in 2016, was marked by an aggressive anti-drug campaign that garnered both domestic support and international condemnation. Official government figures estimate that over 6,200 individuals were killed during this campaign, primarily targeting suspected drug dealers and users in impoverished urban areas. However, human rights organizations argue that the actual death toll could be significantly higher, with some estimates reaching up to 30,000.
Admission and Testimonies
In a Senate inquiry held in November 2024, Duterte admitted to operating a "death squad" during his tenure as mayor of Davao City. He disclosed that the squad, composed of seven gangsters, was tasked with eliminating criminal suspects. This admission corroborated earlier testimonies from former DDS members and further implicated him in the systematic execution of individuals deemed as criminals.
Arrest and Political Repercussions
Duterte, aged 79, was apprehended upon his return from Hong Kong, where he had attended a gathering with overseas Filipino workers. The arrest marks a significant milestone in international justice, as it underscores the ICC's commitment to holding leaders accountable for alleged human rights violations. The current administration, led by President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., has expressed its willingness to cooperate with the ICC, signaling a potential shift in the Philippines' stance on international judicial processes.
Looking Ahead
Duterte's arrest has elicited mixed reactions within the Philippines and the international community. Human rights advocates view it as a long-overdue step toward justice for the victims of the drug war, while supporters of Duterte argue that his policies were necessary measures to combat rampant drug-related crimes. As legal proceedings commence, the world watches closely, anticipating the implications this case may have on global efforts to address human rights abuses by state leaders.