Philippine Maritime Sovereignty: Upholding the West Philippine Sea Amid Growing Tensions

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On November 7, 2024, President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. took a decisive step in safeguarding the Philippines’ maritime sovereignty with the signing of Republic Act No. 12064, also known as the Philippine Maritime Zones Act. This legislation delineates the country’s maritime zones, which encompass internal waters, archipelagic waters, territorial seas, contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones (EEZ), and the continental shelf. It aligns with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), establishing a clear and internationally recognized framework for the Philippines' maritime claims.

Among the provisions of this landmark law is Section 2, which specifically designates the maritime zones on the western side of the Philippine archipelago, including the Luzon Sea, the territorial seas of Bajo de Masinloc (more commonly known as Scarborough Shoal), and the maritime features of the Kalayaan Island Group, as the West Philippine Sea. This formal recognition not only strengthens the Philippines' maritime rights but also reinforces its claim over areas rich in natural resources, vital to both national security and economic development.

A Global Divide: Reactions to the Philippine Maritime Zones Act

While the Philippines and its allies have welcomed the enactment of the Philippine Maritime Zones Act, it has sparked significant controversy in the international arena. The United States has expressed strong support, viewing the law as a necessary reinforcement of international law and the Philippines' sovereign rights. The U.S. stands firmly behind the Philippines' maritime entitlements, calling for peaceful resolution and respect for UNCLOS in the face of growing tensions in the South China Sea.

However, China has reacted vehemently to the Philippines' legislative actions, dismissing the law as an attempt to legitimize what it regards as an “illegal” decision made by the arbitral tribunal in 2016, which ruled in favor of the Philippines’ claims in the South China Sea. Beijing continues to assert its extensive territorial claims over the South China Sea, including the West Philippine Sea, which it bases on its so-called “nine-dash line,” a position rejected by the international community.

China’s criticism highlights the ongoing diplomatic struggle between the two countries over the region’s resources and security. In response, the Philippines has remained resolute, affirming that the law is essential for ensuring the protection of the nation’s marine resources and maintaining stability in the region. The Philippine government has also emphasized its commitment to upholding the 2016 arbitral ruling, which invalidated China’s expansive claims in the South China Sea.

Strategic Alliances and Joint Military Exercises

Amid the mounting tensions, the Philippines has sought to fortify its defense posture through strategic alliances with key partners, particularly the United States, Australia, Japan, and Canada. These nations have joined the Philippines in conducting joint military exercises within the country’s EEZ. These drills are designed to enhance cooperation, boost maritime security, and demonstrate collective resolve in the face of aggressive actions by China.

The United States has also been involved in joint patrols in the South China Sea, including the West Philippine Sea, to ensure freedom of navigation and deter unlawful actions. These exercises have drawn the ire of China, which accuses the Philippines and its allies of destabilizing the region. Despite this, the Philippines remains committed to strengthening its defense capabilities and ensuring that its sovereignty is respected on the global stage.

The Road Ahead: Defending the Motherland

At the heart of the Philippine Maritime Zones Act is the assertion of national sovereignty, economic security, and the protection of marine biodiversity. The Philippines' position remains clear: it will continue to assert its rights in the West Philippine Sea and work in collaboration with its international partners to safeguard its interests. This commitment to upholding international law and defending national territory resonates with Filipinos, who view the law as an important step toward ensuring a prosperous and secure future for their nation.

The Philippines is not just fighting for territorial claims—it is fighting for its future. As the country faces continued pressure from China, it stands united in defending its maritime rights, especially in the West Philippine Sea, which remains a crucial part of the nation’s resources. It is a matter of national pride, patriotism, and the protection of what rightfully belongs to the Filipino people.

In conclusion, the Philippine Maritime Zones Act represents a pivotal moment in the ongoing struggle for sovereignty in the South China Sea. With a clear legal framework, strategic international alliances, and unwavering national resolve, the Philippines is poised to assert its rights and contribute to the broader effort to maintain peace, stability, and security in the region. The country's commitment to protecting its territorial waters and ensuring the welfare of its citizens is unwavering, regardless of the challenges posed by regional powers.

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