Reorganization of the National Security Council: A Strategic Move or Political Maneuver?

Wazzup Pilipinas!?

On January 3, 2025, National Security Adviser Eduardo Año emphasized the importance of reorganizing the National Security Council (NSC), aligning with the directive of President Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr. Año stated that the purpose of this reorganization is to enhance policy formulation on national security, ensuring that presidential actions and decisions are based on sound advice and accurate information. However, this move has sparked discussions on its implications, given the exclusion of Vice President Sara Duterte and former presidents from the council.

Historical Context of NSC Reorganizations

Reorganizing the NSC is not unprecedented in Philippine history. Different administrations have reshaped the council to suit their respective security agendas:

1972 – President Ferdinand Marcos Sr. reorganized the NSC under Executive Order (EO) No. 396 during Martial Law.

1986 & 1987 – President Corazon Aquino issued EO No. 115 and EO No. 292, reshaping the NSC post-Marcos dictatorship.

1992 – President Fidel V. Ramos issued EO No. 33, strengthening the NSC’s advisory role.

2001 – President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed EO No. 34, updating the NSC's structure to address new security threats.

These reorganizations were often tied to political climates and security priorities, reflecting each leader’s vision of national security.

Former NSC Members and Their Contributions

The exclusion of key figures like Vice President Sara Duterte and former presidents raises concerns about the loss of experience and institutional memory within the NSC.

Rodrigo Duterte – Former President and key architect of the Philippines' aggressive anti-drug campaign.

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo – Former President and economist, known for her policies on counter-terrorism.

Joseph Estrada – Former President with significant experience in handling insurgency during his tenure.

Fidel V. Ramos – Known for peace negotiations and economic reform, Ramos played a significant role in stabilizing the country's internal conflicts.

These leaders brought decades of experience in governance and crisis management, which critics argue are irreplaceable.

The New National Security Council: Who Will Be Included?

While the official list of the new NSC members remains undisclosed, it is expected that the council will be composed of:

Eduardo Año – National Security Adviser, former AFP Chief of Staff, and DILG Secretary.

Carlito Galvez Jr. – Former peace adviser and AFP Chief of Staff.

Enrique Manalo – Current Secretary of Foreign Affairs, experienced in international diplomacy.

Gilbert Teodoro – Current Secretary of National Defense, known for his strategic insights.

General Romeo Brawner Jr. – AFP Chief of Staff, with expertise in counter-insurgency.

This composition reflects a more military-centric council, raising questions about the balance between political wisdom and military strategy.

Legal and Constitutional Basis

Under Section 18, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution, the Vice President is an integral part of the NSC. The exclusion of VP Sara Duterte has sparked debates on whether EO No. 81 aligns with constitutional provisions or merely serves political convenience.

Public and Political Backlash

Critics argue that removing dissenting voices from the council diminishes "check and balance" mechanisms essential for democratic governance. The NSC is meant to advise the President impartially, and sidelining experienced figures could lead to a narrow and biased perspective on national security issues.

Additionally, transparency concerns have been raised, with some questioning whether the reorganization is driven more by political loyalty than by national security priorities.

Conclusion: A Crossroads for National Security

The reorganization of the National Security Council under President Marcos Jr. reflects both strategic intent and political recalibration. While Eduardo Año highlights the need for timely and coherent action against evolving threats, the absence of seasoned leaders like VP Sara Duterte and former presidents casts a shadow of doubt over the council's independence and effectiveness.

The coming months will be crucial in determining whether this reorganization will strengthen the country’s national security posture or further entrench political divides. ​​

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